ASTM D412

ASTM D412 is used to determine the tensile properties of high elasticity materials such as natural or synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, and thermoplastic elastomers. The test specimen is cut into a standardized shape (usually a dumbbell) and placed in the grips of a universal testing machine.  Pneumatic grips are often used to prevent slippage during testing.   The specimen is then stretched at a constant rate until it breaks or reaches a specified elongation. The machine records the force and elongation during the test and calculates key properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break. 

ASTM D412 is commonly used for products like seals, gaskets, and tires, where flexibility and strength are critical.  Tensile testing like ASTM D412 is often used as a benchmark for material performance before and after various environmental tests such as accelerated weathering (UV or xenon arc), thermal cycling, sulfur dioxide exposure, or other corrosion exposure tests such as neutral salt spray or cyclic corrosion.

ASTM D412 testing helps manufacturers select the appropriate material for a given application based on the material's elasticity, how well materials recover shape after stretching,  and environmental suitability of the material.  This ensures performance and reliability throughout the service life of the component made with the elastomeric material.